Membrane bioreactors employing hollow fiber membranes have emerged as a effective technology for numerous biotechnological applications. These systems present distinct advantages such as {high{surface area-to-volume ratios, efficient mass transfer, and enhanced cell retention. This article presents

Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane bioreactors are considered as a promising technology for wastewater treatment due to their high efficiency. This article discusses the analysis of PVDF membrane bioreactors in terms of numerous performance parameters, such as removal efficiency of contaminants

Wastewater treatment/remediation/purification presents a significant global challenge, necessitating the development of efficient and sustainable technologies. Hollow fiber membranes/Microfiltration membranes/Fiber-based membrane systems, renowned for their high surface area-to-volume ratio and vers